Glimpses of Global Efforts in CBR for People with Disabilities: A Viewer's Guide
Picture Gallery 1
Picture Gallery 2
Picture Gallery 3
This video is a compilation of selections from numerous CBR videos from around the world. Rehabilitation International and its media consultant, Barbara Kolucki, screened over 100 videos in the preparation of this work. The selections represent most areas of the world and a variety of disabilities. Some of the videos produced were of high professional standard and others used non-professionals and lesser quality equipment. However, it is the content that is most important. Portrayed are examples of simple, practical and effective techniques to improve the lives of children and adults with disabilities.
The video is divided into three segments. The first includes selections from CBR videos stressing the important of early intervention with disabled infants and young children. The second concentrates on integration of older children and adults into all aspects of community life, emphasizing school and employment. The third segment includes a selection of more innovative media designed to change attitudes about persons who are disabled, presenting sensitive topics like prevention in a positive way, integrating disability into mainstream media. The video ends with sound bites from women leaders who are disabled and who sum up the potential that can be realized by CBR or any rehabilitation intervention.
Video Use
Please feel free to use the video to suit your needs. It has been designed to be flexible and can be viewed in its entirety or in segments. There are several potential audiences for the video. These include:
- policy makers and local leaders with whom you are advocating CBR
- community development workers who are not currently involved with disability but who you would like to interest in including children and adults who are disabled in their regular community development work
- participants in any type of CBR course
- trainer of trainers for grassroots CBR
- disability groups or other NGOs which are exploring how to develop their own media
- national or local media who you would like to have produce a video that is practical and innovative for your own purposes.
Proposal
We would like to propose that you explore additional ways that media can be used to support or sell the messages of CBR to improve the quality of life of persons with disability. Some methods are portrayed in the last segment of this video. But we strongly encourage you to explore ways that disability information can be integrated into mainstream media-soap operas, children's programming, advertisements, regular news programmes-and the wide selection of live media indigenous in many countries.
Example of use in mainstream media
For example, if there is a programme on child development and indigenous practices such as infant massage, be sure to include children who are disabled and reinforce the message that it is of the same or greater importance to massage children who are disabled as it is for the non-disabled child. If there is a soap opera that features characters who are developing their own business, include someone who is disabled as the employer-as well as employee. What is important is that people with disabilities are seen in as varied situations as non-disabled persons. Parents of a newborn with disability must see that there are other children like theirs who go to school and participate in play activities. Research shows that if parents don't see role models for what, for example, their child can accomplish, they may not pursue education or training opportunities for them. Adults who are disabled must see that they too, are part of community life, work life, family life, etc. Our media must present positive role models that demonstrate that disability is just one more way of being different, not a tragedy.
Exercise
What follows are a few key questions and comments that you can use to facilitate a discussion and a better understanding of the video. It is suggested that after each segment, you ask the viewers to discuss:
- what they did/did not like
- why they did/did not like a particular selection
- what they learned
- if they could they use this information and activities in their own work
- how they would change or adapt what they saw
- Divide the viewers into smaller groups and have them discuss how what they saw could be adapted to your local situation. What is needed to begin? (Always include persons who are disabled and parents in all aspects of planning and implementation). For example, in the second segment there is a selection where agricultural workers are being trained to work with persons who are blind. Perhaps your community concentrates on arts & crafts products. How can you adapt what is shown in this video to train local artisans to work with blind persons?
- Ask the small groups to write a simple Handout for parents or community workers based on what they saw in each segment. If you have an illustrator in the group, have her or him draw pictures of the practical activities and suggestions depicted in each selection of the video. For example, write a one page Handout for parents on how they can stimulate their child who is disabled through massage, games, music, local material of various colors to stimulate a child's vision, etc. Use as few words as possible and have your pictures tell the story.
- Have each small group write a radio script, simple storybook/flipchart, short puppet show that presents the messages depicted in the video but uses people and customs from your own community. For example, write a short six page children's book that shows how all girls should be proud of who they are, disabled and not, rich or poor, from majority or minority groups, etc.
- Have each group list all the local customs and traditions that have been used in their community and that are appropriate and useful to persons who are disabled. Have them create a story about all that has been happening that they can be proud of with regard to the care of children and adults with disability. Make a list of case studies of families who worked hard to integrate their children into schools, of women and men who are disabled who can be role models for others, etc. Share this list with your local media and suggest that these be developed into story lines for production of electronic or print media.
Rehabilitation International encourages feedback from you on how you have used this video. We also would like to hear from you with regard to what types of videos and other media can be of assistance in your CBR work. If your group has produced innovative videos, we would be grateful to receive a copy.
RI would like to thank all of the producers and organizations who shared their videos with us throughout the development of this product. We were limited in the numbers of selections we could include and hope that there will be sequels to this compilation. RI would like to acknowledge the following persons or organizations whose work is depicted in this compilation video. The original and full length cassette of each can be obtained by writing to the producers/distributors.
Pakistan Public Service Announcements: UNICEF-Pakistan, c/o 3 UN Plaza, New York, NY 10017 USA
3D Projects, 14 Monk Street, Spanish Town, St. Catherine, JAMAICA
Therapy Skill Builders, (Infant Massage for Children with Special Needs), 555 Academic Court, San Antonio, TX 78204, USA
Learning to Move/Step by Step, c/o Cheshire Homes, Far Eastern Region, No. 1, Jalan Berjaya, Palau Tikus, Penang, Malaysia
It's A Challenge," Save the Children, P.O. Box 472, Mbabane, Swaziland
Introduction
Nearly 30 years ago, Rehabilitation International organized a World Congress and some associated small meetings of experts in Ireland. One of these "invited only" conclaves set out to deliberate a harmless sounding topic," Development of Rehabilitation Services in Relation to Available Resources." In essence, this was the first international meeting to recognize and attempt to resolve the dilemma that decades of expensive efforts to replicate the rehabilitation services of industrialized nations in developing countries had little or no measurable effect, for a complex of reasons. The consensus of this meeting of mostly health-related professionals (rehabilitation medicine, occupational & physical therapy, prosthetics & orthotics, etc.) was that a modified or distilled version of their arts & sciences would be required to reach a significant proportion of the disabled population of developing countries. The meeting reached what sounded like a halfhearted conclusion that some sort of a paraprofessional with a crosshatch of skills might be needed.
Those who recall this seminal meeting agree that it constituted the birth of what became known as Community Based Rehabilitation, later given its first conceptual outline by the World Health Organization in planning papers published in 1975/6. (We can only guess that the apparent silence or gap between the 1969 meeting in Killarney and the 1975 WHO papers might best be explained by the reluctance of the various professions to promote diminished or "dumbed down" versions of themselves for work in Africa, Asia & Latin America.) In any case, RI has remained integrally involved in the development, testing, experimentation and research into CBR services from 1969 to the present through its regional meetings, publications, world congresses, projects and advocacy.
Historical understanding provides context for today's realities concerning the world's disabled persons. In 30 years demography mapping has evolved to show that 80% of disabled people live in the world's rural areas. It is known that the rural areas are often at the outer reaches of the supply lines distributing goods and services, including program technology. Effectively applying the lessons learned to date about CBR presumes that program design must adapt to the local environment, not the other way around.
More to the point, if local programs are to attain the state of grace called "sustainability", living on after initial creation, local people who have the greatest investment in the program must be involved from the beginning. Francine Arsenault (Canada) and Carmen Reyes Zubiaga (The Philippines) write their "Vision Statements" from personal experience--"empowerment" is not a gauzy concept. CBR as a crucible for systems change begins with consciously setting up situations in which disabled people are given the opportunity to make choices.
Linking resources to local CBR programming is today's challenge. Close enough attention has not been paid to the social and resultant economic gains possible to communities who host a dynamic CBR approach. Mike Miles and Penny Price write their "Vision Statements" from the perspective of seasoned workers at the field level.
Together, the four "Vision Statements" take us forward into what CBR can become in the 21st Century. Each is unique in its insights into the possible demands and responses, pitfalls and opportunities. They do agree on a few basics, however: we should not be unduly disturbed by the lack of universal definitions of what a CBR project or service is-it is dynamic and prone to the protective coloration of each community. The writers also agree that for CBR projects to bring about real and lasting changes in attitudes & behaviors, they must embrace: partnerships of mutual respect between rehabilitation and disability leadership, egalitarian information sharing, research into best practices, and a deep commitment to leadership development of people with disabilities. In fact, one of the authors states that the elusive sustainability of CBR actually lies in engaging leaders with disabilities in its implementation.
We look forward to your comments, reactions and additions.
Susan B. Parker
Secretary General
return to top
Part III
A Selection of CBR Resources
A. Newsletters/Journals
Action Aid Disability News is the newsletter of the Disability Division of Action Aid-INDIA. Topics range from the integration of CBR information into the curriculum for medical doctors, information on new training courses and materials to the relationship between prevention of disability and early detection as part of child survival and maternal care interventions. The newsletter is bi-annual and free upon request. Address: Action Aid-India, P.B. No. 5406, No. 3, Rest House Road, Bangalore, 560 001 INDIA. Fax: 91 80 558 6284, e-mail: co.clr@actionaid.sprintrpg.ems.vsnl.net.in
African Journal of Special Needs Education is published bi-annually at the Uganda National Institute of Special Education. It covers topics related to CBR, inclusion, culture and disability, health/poverty/disability as well as related research. Consulting Editors come from the entire African region. Address: Uganda National Institute of Special Education, P.O. Box. 6478. Kampala, UGANDA. Fax: 256 41 222961
Asia Pacific Disability Rehabilitation Journal. This bi-annual journal, which was started in 1990 in a simpler format, was readership in 72 countries. The focus of the Journal is to promote the field of disability rehabilitation within the Asian region, but the quality of the research articles is such that it is of value to academics, administrators, policy makers and implementers and is internationally indexed. The Journal covers theoretical and practical aspects of CBR in a wide range of contexts, extending beyond its Asian origins. Address: Asia Pacific Disability Rehabilitation Journal, c/o Dr Maya Thomas, Editor, J-124, Ushas Apartments, 16th Main, IV Block, Jayanagar, Bangalore - 560 011, Karnataka, India. Fax: 91-80-6638045.
Asia & Pacific Journal on Disability is a bi-annual publication sponsored by the Asia and Pacific Regional Committee of Rehabilitation International (RI) and the Regional NGO Network (RNN) for the promotion of the Asia and Pacific Decade of Disabled Persons, 1993-2002. The emphasis is on publishing articles or research papers that have significant impact on policy and practice concerning people with disabilities and their families. The Journal covers many aspects of rural and urban CBR. Address: Asia and Pacific Journal on Disability, c/o Karen Ngai, Executive Editor, City University of Hong Kong, Division of Social Studies, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong. Fax: 852 2788 7709, e-mail: scngai@cityu.edu.hk
CBR NEWS is an international newsletter on community-based rehabilitation and the concerns of disabled people. It is published by the Appropriate Health Resources & Technology Action Group Ltd. (AHRTAG), published three times a year in English, including braille and cassette versions. This newsletter is also available in Hindi, "Indian English", Indian braille, and French. It is free to readers in developing countries. AHRTAG also has a wide range of media materials on CBR and primary health care. Address: AHRTAG, Farringdon Point, 29-35 Farringdon Road, London, EC1M 3JB, UK. Fax: 44 171 242 0041; e-mail: ahrtag@gn.apc.org; web site: http://www.poptel.org.uk/ahrtag/
CBR Update is the newsletter of the International Centre for the Advancement of Community-Based Rehabilitation (ICACBR) based at Queen's University in Canada. The newsletter publishes information about its collaborative CBR projects in developing countries, announcements of the most recent CBR research, networking opportunities and related conferences. Address: ICACBR, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada K7L 3N6. Fax: 1 613 545 6882; e-mail: icacbr@post.queensu.ca
Child Health Dialogue is an international newsletter on child health and disease prevention published by AHRTAG. It often covers topics related to CBR as well as other issues concerning disability such as prevention, malnutrition and disability, resource lists, etc. Available in Chinese, French, Gujarati, Hindi, Portuguese, Spanish, Tamil, Urdu and Vietnamese. Address: AHRTAG, Farringdon Point, 29-35 Farringdon Road, London EC1M 3JB, UK. Fax: 44 171 242 0041, e-mail: *ahrtag@gn.apc.org
Deepshikha is the journal of the Spastics Society of Eastern India. It often covers topics of special interest to women with disabilities as well as information about early intervention for very young disabled children. Address: Spastics Society of Eastern India, P-35/1, Taratolla Road, Calcutta 700 088 INDIA.
Disability Awareness in Action is an international information network on disability and human rights for disabled people, their organisations and their allies. DAA publishes a monthly newsletter and occasional resource kits and is building a worldwide information resource on disability policy and human rights issues. One copy of each kit and each newsletter is free. Address: DAA, 11, Belgrave Road, London SW1V 1RB, U.K. Tel.: +44 171 834 0477; Fax: +44 171 821 9539; e-mail: 100726.136@compuserve.com;
Disability International is the official publication of Disabled Peoplesâ International (DPI) and was formerly called "Vox Nostra". It is available quarterly in English, French and Spanish and includes articles on a variety of issues of concern to people with disability, including CBR. Address: Disability International, 309 -175 Hargrave, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3C 3R8.
Disability Frontline is the quarterly newsletter of the Southern Africa Federation of the Disabled, and covers projects in numerous southern Africa countries in both English and Portuguese. Address: P.O. Box 2247, 130 Herbert Chitepo St., Bulawayo, Zimbabwe. Tel.: 263 9 69356; Fax: 263 9 74398.
Families and Disability Newsletter is published three times a year by the Beach Center on Families and Disability at the University of Kansas in the USA. The newsletter focuses on family-centered services, policies and practices. The information is meant for both parents and professionals but with the aim of professionals facilitating the empowerment of families. It includes practical information on how to build on a family's strengths, quality indicators of family-centered work as well as unique resources. Addresses: Beach Center on Families and Disability, 3111 Haworth, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. Fax: 1 785 864 7605; e-mail: BEACH@DOLE.LSI.UKANS.EDU; Website: http://www.lsi.ukans.edu/beach/beachhp.htm
FORWARD is the newsletter of COMBRA CBR Centre in Kampala, Uganda. It includes information on legislation with regard to disability, CBR courses in the region and case studies about individuals who are part of the CBR projects. Address: FORWARD, c/o COMBRA CBR, P.O. Box 708, Kampala, UGANDA.
Hesperian Foundation News is the newsletter of the Foundation dedicated to improving the health of people in poor communities throughout the world by providing resource for informed self-care. The newsletter provides an update on these resources as well as practical inserts on specific health issues, most recently on issues relating to women. Community-based projects are the focus of much of their work. Address: Hesperian Foundation, 1919 Addison St., Suite 304, Berkeley, CA 94704-1144, USA. Tel.: 1 510 845 1447; Fax: 1 510 845 9141; e-mail: hesperianfdn@igc.apc.org
Hopeful Steps CBR Newsletter is published by the Guyana CBR Programme. It includes CBR information from the Guyana Region, particularly on training, employment projects and resources. Address: CBR News, 120 Parade Street, Kingston, Georgetown, GUYANA.
Inclusion - News from Inclusion International. This journal is the annual publication of Inclusion International, the organization formerly known as the International League of Societies for Persons with Mental Handicap (ILSMH). The Journal addresses the main concerns of the organization--human rights, advocacy and self-advocacy for its grass roots membership of 50 million people with mental handicap and their families worldwide. The findings of specialized Project Groups are reported in a bi-annual publication called Getting There, and inclusive education, inclusive communities and CBR issues, approaches and projects are reported. Address: Inclusion International, Galleries de la Towson dâOr, 29 Chaussee dâIxelles, # 393/32, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. Fax: 32-2 502 2846; e-mail: incluit@skynet.be
International Rehabilitation Review (IRR) is the official publication of Rehabilitation International (RI) and includes in-depth coverage of key issues relating to CBR and other aspects of disability, media developments, news from around the world and highlights of RI activities. There are two issues of IRR each year which cost $45.00. Complimentary subscriptions are available to editors of other disability periodicals (on an exchange basis) and to selected individuals and organizations in developing countries. Address: Rehabilitation International, 25 East 21 Street, New York, N.Y. 10010 USA, Fax: 1 212 505 0871; e-mail: RehabIntl@rehab-international.org
Newsletter of the Sierra Madre is put out by HealthWrights, a workgroup for people's health and rights. This newsletter highlights disability projects in developing countries with regular updates on Project PROJIMO, a program run by and for disabled young people in western Mexico. Available from HealthWrights, P.O. Box 1344, Palo Alto, CA 94302 USA. Fax: 1 650 325 1080; e-mail: healthwrights@igc.org; Website: www.healthwrights.org
One in Ten is a joint newsletter of Rehabilitation International and UNICEF on the topic of childhood disability. It often covers topics relating to CBR as well as prevention, the girl child, protection of children in especially difficult circumstances, etc. Available in English, French, and Spanish. Address: UNICEF House, 3 U.N. Plaza, New York, N.Y. 10017 USA. Fax: 1 212 824 6483 or from Rehabilitation International, 25 East 21 Street, N.Y., N.Y. 10010 USA. Fax: 1 212 505 0871; e-mail: rehabintl@rehab-international.org
Pacific Network of Disability Workers is a new publication designed to keep disability workers who have undertaken the distance learning Certificate in Disability Studies from the University of the South Pacific in contact with developments in the Pacific and on the global scene. The participating countries include Cook Islands, Fiji, Nauru, Niue, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatu and Western Samoa. The publication contains current local developments and very practical information for practitioners in disability services. Address: Secretariat, Pacific Network of Disability Workers, University Extension, USP, P.O.Box 1168, Suva, Fiji Islands. e-mail: RADIO_L@uso.ac.fj
REHAB Today is the newsletter of the CBR Programme in Bacolod City in the Philippines. As one of the earliest CBR projects, many international visitors have been welcomed and this newsletter brings information about such visits as well as on-going CBR training and new efforts such as the 1996 "Village based Appropriate AIDS Store". It is published quarterly. Address: Negros Occidental Rehabilitation Center, Cor. Lacson Street-Cottage Road, Bacolod City 6100 Philippines. Fax: 63 34 81322.
Together is the CBR Newsletter of an ILO/UNDP project based in Iraq. Although the newsletter is printed only in Arabic, there is an English translation of the contents on the inside cover. In addition, if English translation of any of the articles is needed it will be sent on request. Address: Vocational Rehabilitation for Disabled People Project IRQ/95/002/ILO - UNDP Baghdad, P.O. Box 3606, P. Code 12902, Iraq. Tel.: 964 1 542 1674; Fax: 964 1 886 2523.
B. Selected Recent CBR Publications
Books
Beyond Basic Care: Special Education and Community Rehabilitation in Low Income Countries, edited by Roy Brown, David Baine and Aldred Neufeldt. The focus is on describing a variety of ideas and techniques used to solve rehabilitation and special education problems in various countries around the world, with the intent that this sharing may lead to the adoption and trialing of appropriate strategies previously untried. The issue of change-agency is addressed, with the strengths and problems of providing consultancy and technical assistance across cultural boundaries. Address: Captus Press, York University Campus, 4700 Keele Street, North York, Ontario, Canada, M3J 1P3. Fax: 1 416 736 5793; e-mail: Info@Captus.com. Community Based Rehabilitation is written by Malcolm Peat, Executive Director of ICACBR and professor at the Queen's University School of Rehabilitation Therapy. Published in 1998, this book reflects the view that there is no single approach that represents CBR, that it must be viewed as continuum. The book examines the development of CBR and the factors influencing its design and implementation, and is applicable to CBR planning and practice in developed and developing countries. Canadian $65. Address: W.B. Saunders Co. Ltd., c/o ICACBR, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada. Fax: 613-545-6882; e-mail: icacbr@post.queensu.ca
Community-Based Rehabilitation: Existing Approach and Chakoria CBR: A Case Study of Rural CBR of Bangladesh is a review of CBR in Bangladesh by Shahidul Haque and Shahnas Begum. It focuses on CBR in remote villages that are often ignored by aid and relief organizations. Address: Sarpv-Bangladesh, GPO Box 4208, Dhaka 1000 Bangladesh. Cost is US $ 10.00. Fax: 880 2 81 9774.
Critical Resources for Realizing a Human Rights Agenda for People with Disabilities. These publications were developed as part of a project called Partnerships in Community Living: Toward Making the Human Rights Agenda for People with Disabilities a Reality. The project focused on promoting the inclusion of children and youths with disabilities in their communities, by means of achieving a consensual human rights declaration to guide all activity and service development within the 36 participating countries from the Americas. The Managua Declaration focuses on community-based research as a means towards participatory goal and vision setting and problem solving. It is a revolutionary document that may pave the way for new solutions to many of the problems currently addressed by CBR. Address: The Roeher Institute Publications, Kinsmen Building, York University, 4700 Keele Street, North York, Ontario, Canada M3J 1P3. Fax: 1-416 661 5701; e-mail : mticoll@roeher.ca
Daily Management of CBR Fieldworkers and Supervisors. Including Proposals for Internal Regulations and Monitoring Documents for CBR Programmes (Draft Version) This is the first CBR related publication that evaluates the success and failures of the CBR movement since the early 1980s. In it, the author Geert Vanneste challenges CBR managers to both question the ideas put forth in the book, as well as their own management practices in light of the fact that often, time, energy and resources have been wasted to the detriment of many people with disabilities and their families. Chapters explore some of the myths of CBR, management styles or lack thereof, what a comprehensive CBR programme might look like, training and variety of monitoring and evaluation tools. This is a much needed resource in the field. Purchases can be made directly from the author. CCBRT Library, P.O. Box 23.310 Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Fax: 255 811 321 1135.
Disability and Rehabilitation in Rural Jamaica: an ethnographic study by Ronnie Linda Leavitt, 249 pages, published 1992 by Associated University Press, 440 Forsgate Drive, Cranbury, NJ 08512 USA; 25 Sicilian Ave., London WC1A 2QH England; and P.O. Box 39, Clarkson Pstl. Stn., Mississauga, Ontario L5J 3X9, Canada. This book by a U.S. medical anthropologist is an in-depth analysis of a CBR project in Jamaica, known as the 3D Project, based on research undertaken by the author. The eight chapters cover: introduction to concepts; description of the 3D project; Jamaica-the nation and its people; health in Jamaica-the delivery system and present status of the people; methods of research; disabled children and their families-a quantitative and qualitative perspective; disabled children and their families-case histories; and a discussion, followed by recommendations and conclusions. Unusually comprehensive appendices cover: disability & rehabilitation in the third world; and theoretical constructs a review of the literature.
Disabled Children and Developing Countries is edited by Pam Zinkin and Helen McConachie. It is a 1995 book covering most of the topics that are important to those concerned with children, ranging from the political arena to community based solutions. An international list of authors contributes their experiences working in developing countries and shares both successes and constraints. Emphasis is on early detection and intervention as well as the work of several landmark CBR programmes. The book is highly referenced and is particularly useful in academic and training situations. Address: Cambridge University Press, The Edinburgh Building, Shaftesbury Road, Cambridge CB22RU, UK or in North America, 40 West 20th Street, N.Y., N.Y. 10011 USA. Fax: 1 914 937 4712.
Gender and Disability: Women's Experiences in the Middle East by Lina Abu-Habib, provides an overview of the neglect of disabled women by both the feminist and disability movements. A review by Disability Awareness in Action stated that the publication documents both examples of the desperate situation of disabled women in the region and examples of positive actions by and for disabled women. Available for £7.95 from Oxfam, c/o BEBC, PO Box 1496 Parkstone, Dorset BH12 3YD, UK or from $9.95 from Oxfam, c/o Humanities Press, 165 First Ave., Atlantic Highlands, NJ 07716-1289, USA. Fax: 1 732 872 0717.
Inclusive Education, written by Ture Jonsson and published by the UNDP Inter-regional Programme for Disabled People, this book was prepared for all those involved in implementing the UNESCO Education for All Policy, in developing countries, at national, regional, district and community levels. The book makes explicit the connection between the concept of Inclusive Education and CBR. Concrete examples in the form of case studies form the basis for theoretical understanding. It is an invaluable resource book for educational managers, teacher trainers and teachers. Address: UNDP, Interregional Programme for Disabled People, Palais des Nations, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Fax: 41 22 979 9001.
Innovations in Developing Countries for People with Disabilities is edited by Dr. Brian O'toole and Dr. Roy McConkey, both of whom have spent over a decade working in developing countries on CBR and other aspects of disability awareness and rehabilitation. This book starts with a practical vision for the new millennium, never under-estimating the difficulties but carefully documenting the issues and experiences of leading people who have been working in diverse locations in all parts of the world to develop the talents of, and create opportunities for, people with disabilities. The book emphasizes the key role played by disabled people themselves in developing enabling communities, and the importance of integrating services for people with disabilities into generic community development. The book is divided into three sections encompassing foundations, ways of meeting needs and of developing services. It covers empowerment, attitude change, mobilizing communities, parents and indigenous peoples, national planning and paths to economic independence in low income countries, diverse patterns of human resource selection, development and deployment, funding, evaluation and its vital link to program modification and improvement. Country program examples include Mexico, India, Guyana, Tanzania, the Philippines, Jamaica, Norway, Lesotho, Canada, Vietnam, Sri Lanka, Malaysia and Indonesia. The diversity is a testament to the strength of the CBR concept, and the book contains more distilled wisdom, hard won through trial and error in field experience, than any other document published to date - an invaluable resource for anyone working or contemplating working in a Îdisability within communityâ framework, anywhere in the world. Contact: Lisieux Hall Publishers, Lisieux Hall, Whittle-Ly Woods, Chorley, Lancashire PR6 7DX, U.K. Fax: 44 12572 65671
Listening for Health - Better Health Communication through Better Listening is a publication of the International Catholic Child Bureau and the Child-to-Child Trust, UK. It is designed for adults who want to help children to become good listeners as well as better agents of change in their community. CBR is one of the many Child-to-Child activities in countries around the world. Address: ICCB, 62 rue de Lausanne, CH-1202, Geneva, Switzerland. Fax: 41 22 731 9377.
New Life in the Neighborhood is one of several books by author Robert Perske and beautifully illustrated by Martha Perske. The book is about "how persons with retardation and other disabilities can help make a good community better". Although the book provides examples from North America, its philosophy, process and practical solutions are adaptable to anywhere in the world. It is an easily readable book which presents through illustration and text information ranging from the common prejudices of non-disabled people to the economic and ethical benefits of all community members participating in life in the neighborhood. The author and illustrator have published several other books on disability that could easily be adapted in other countries. Address: Abingdon Press, 201 8th Avenue South, Nashville, TN 37202 USA. Fax: 1 615 749 6172.
Nothing About Us Without Us: Developing Innovative Technologies For, By and With Disabled Persons is a book by David Werner, author of Disabled Village Children and Where There is No Doctor. It is published by HealthWrights, a workgroup for people's health and rights committed to advancing the health, rights, social equality and self determination of disadvantaged persons and groups. The 350 page heavily illustrated book is "an idea book about problem solving" and includes numerous case studies which document the process of creative solutions which empower children and adults with disabilities--many of these solutions coming from the grassroots. It provides literally hundreds of practical suggestions which the author and publisher hope will serve as a springboard for similar approaches to problem solving for individuals and projects around the world. A Spanish edition is planned for 1998. HealthWrights also distributes other publications as well as their Newsletter from the Sierra Madre. They also publish Disabled Village Children, one of the best and most practical texts for working with children with disabilities in developing countries. Address: HealthWrights, P.O. Box 1344, Palo Alto, CA 94302 USA. Fax: 1 650 325 1080; e-mail: healthwrights@igc.org; website: http://www.healthwrights.org
Rehabilitation Technology in Community Based Rehabilitation: A Compendium is a document providing information on rehabilitation technology as well as a literature review. CBR was the governing principle in defining the scope of the Compendium. Only English language references have been included. Address: The Compendium, School of Rehabilitation Therapy, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, CANADA K7L 3N6, Fax: 1 613 545 6776, E-mail: olneys@qucdn.queensu.ca
Volver a Viver/Return to Life is based on the experiences of members of Project PROJIMO, a rehabilitation programme run by people with disabilities in Mexico. The book outlines several case studies of individuals who go through the process of adjusting to a disability to living a full life again. It is a highly illustrated and easy to read book for anyone working in a CBR or other rehabilitation project. The publisher, Hesperian Foundation, has several other books available both in Spanish and English, their newest being Where Women Have No Doctor. Address: Hesperian Foundation, 1919 Addison street, Suite 304, Berkeley, CA 94704 USA. Fax: 1 510 845 0539; e-mail: heperianfdn@igc.apc.org
Manuals/Guides
"Community-Based Rehabilitation" and "CBR of Children with Disabilities in Morocco" are two slide shows to assist CBR implementors from Teaching Aids at Low Cost (TALC). Each includes 24 slides, a script, some questions and answers for discussion. An Arabic script is available on request. TALC has many additional multi-media materials on CBR and other aspects on disability. Address: TALC, P.O. Box 49, St. Albans, Herts, AL15TX, UK, Fax: 44 1727 846852.
Community-Based Rehabilitation of the Rural Blind is a publication of Helen Keller International, Inc. It is a training guide for field workers and grew out of HKI's work in Indonesia and other developing countries. It includes practical information about blindness, orientation and mobility, activities of daily living, basic education and vocational skills. It is very practical, simply illustrated and can be adapted into work with children and adults with a variety of disabilities. Address: Helen Keller International, 90 Washington St., N.Y., N.Y. 10006, USA. Tel.: 1 212 943 0890; Fax: 1 212 943 1220.
Finding Out if Your Program Works: Evaluation and Monitoring. Developed at the Solo CBR Development and Training Centre in Indonesia, with extensive input from Dr. Laura Krefting, this Manual has wide applicability. In simple language it spells out the different purposes and processes of evaluation, and the importance of participatory evaluation of CBR programs. Simple steps, forms and instructions are provided. Of use in both training and CBR program implementation. Address: Prof. Dr. Soeharso, CBR DTC, Jalan Adisucipto, KM 7, Colomadu, Solo 57176 Indonesia. Fax: 62-271-780976. E-mail: cbr@slo.mega.net
Manual: Community Based Rehabilitation for the Visually Impaired. Written by S. Punani, D. Bhushan and Rawal Nandini on behalf of the National Association for the Blind, this manual was published in 1996 with the support of DANIDA and the Royal Danish Embassy in India. It documents 14 years of implementation of CBR projects in 111 locations across India. Also included in the 267 page manual are: descriptions of an itinerant system of integrated education, a detailed course curricula for training of trainers and field staff, and an annotated bibliography of CBR publications. Available free from Rural Activities Committee, National Association for the Blind, Vastrapur, Ahmedabad 380 015 India.
Special Education for Mentally Handicapped Pupils is a teaching manual by Christine Miles who worked for 12 years in Peshawar, Pakistan with the Mental Health Centre. The manual is based on the culture and educational conditions of people living in the Middle Eastern and Asian countries and is appropriate for anyone who is working with children with mental handicaps. It is clear, simply illustrated, practical and covers numerous activities for a wide range of ability levels. The manual would be useful for persons working with children who are not disabled as well as those with other disabilities. Address: Mental Health Centre, Peshawar, Pakistan.
Training Materials for Community-Based Rehabilitation Workers is a very practical and user-friendly series of manuals developed by the CBR Development and Training Centre in Solo, Indonesia. The series includes manuals on topics like: Helping Prevent Disability, Detection of Childhood Disability, Helping Children who have Difficulty Talking and Communicating, Finding Out About a Person and Her Problems, Finding Out if Your Programme Works, Evaluation and Monitoring. It also includes posters for training and community education. A variety of articles by Dr. Tjandrakusuma Handojo and colleagues are also available, including recent ones on Participatory Rural Appraisal in CBR by Drs. Heny Soelistyowati and Emmillianus Elip. Address: Prof. Dr. Soeharso Community Based Rehabilitation Development and Training Centre, Jalan Adisucipto, KM.7, Colomadu, Solo 57176 INDONESIA, Fax: 62 271 780976; e-mail: cbr@slo.mega.net
Papers
A Training Strategy for Personnel Working in Developing Countries is a paper by Brian O'toole and Roy McConkey of the Guyana Community Based Rehabilitation Programme. Both doctors have been involved in CBR programmes since the earliest days and have consulted, produced videos and training materials on a variety of aspects of CBR. This paper describes the training strategy used at the CBR Programme in Guyana, South America. As of mid 1997, over 7,000 CBR volunteers, health workers and teachers in mainstream schools, families and villagers have gained access to information and skills on CBR. Additional CBR articles are available as well. Address: School of Health Sciences, University of Ulster, Newtownabbey, BT37 0QB, N. Ireland, UK. Fax: 44 1232 368202.
Community Based Rehabilitation: A Peace Building Opportunity is a research paper produced by the International Centre for the Advancement of Community Based Rehabilitation (ICACBR) at Queen's University in Canada. The authors are Malcolm Peat, Lorna Jean Edmonds, Will Boyce, Sandra Ballantyne, Jennifer Smith and Michael Koros. The publication addresses the benefits of CBR as an element of the peace building process and covers experience in and case studies from Bosnia, Afghanistan, Cambodia, Croatia, Lebanon, Mozambique, Palestine (West Bank and Gaza) and Sri Lanka. A Symposium entitled "Post-Conflict Integration of Persons with Disabilities", roundtable discussions and a vast literature search is the basis for much of this paper. This publication may be downloaded from the ICACBR website:http://meds.queensu.ca/icacbr/
It can be ordered from ICACBR, Queen's University, School of Rehabilitation Therapy, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6 Canada. Fax: 1 613 545 6776.
Community-Based Rehabilitation: Information Accumulation & Exchange by Mike Miles is one of numerous papers about a variety of aspects of CBR written by the author who for 12 years directed the Mental Health Centre in Peshawar, Pakistan and now consults with numerous organizations working in CBR around the world. This particular monograph reviews the cultural background of disability information in South Asia as well as attempts to introduce CBR in this region. He reviews indigenous practices and compares them with the more western community responses to disability often proposed by aid organizations. There are also 247 references cited including a most comprehensive list from individuals and organizations in developing countries. Available from: M. Miles, 4 Princethorpe Rd., Birmingham B29 5PX, UK.
"Disabled Learners in South Asia: lessons from the past for educational exporters" and "Community, Individual or Information Development: Dilemmas of concept and culture in South Asia disability planning" are two articles by Mike Miles. The first includes a thorough look at the wealth of ideas and practices for educating children with special needs that were indigenous to South Asia for centuries and most of these contain the same educational principles that the west uses in its disability education work. In the second article, published in Disability & Society, the author argues that the wealth of disability information is still not reaching persons in most need. Yet often the Îinfo poorâ are equal or superior in terms of commitment and practical skill base. All people, especially those labeled as recipients, need to be part of the information and skills exchange which are the basis for community development. Address: Mike Miles, 4 Princethorpe Rd., Birmingham B29 5PX, U.K.
"Strengthening Community-Based Rehabilitation in China" is a paper by Sheila Purves, the director of the WHO Collaborative Project based in Wuhan, China and in Hong Kong. The paper offers unique insights into rehabilitation in the Chinese context and the successes and constraints inherent in the project. Although China now reports more than 300 CBR projects (or activities) in action throughout the country, these still adhere to a top-down approach which has not succeeded in sustainability or ownership by persons with disability. The paper identifies some possible solutions to this dilemma which would ultimately benefit more persons in need and become part of the Primary Health Care System reaching everyone in China. CBR videos from the Sun Yat Sen University in Guangzhou, China are also available. Address: WHO Collaborating Centre/ CBR Project, Hong Kong Society for Rehabilitation, 7 Sha Wan Drive, Pokfulam, Hong Kong. Fax: 852 2855 1947
Towards Inclusion: SCF UK's Experience in Integrated Education is a dis-cussion paper based on Save the Children Fund's Global Seminar on Disability where people working both in CBR and more traditional education of children shared experiences and learned from each other. Emphasis was on SCF's educational pro-grammes in Asia and Southern Africa. Case studies from several countries are included along with a discussion about Integrated Education's relationship with CBR. Address: Save the Children, Publication Sales, 17 Grove Lane, London SE5 8RD, UK. Tel.: 44 171 703 5400; Fax: 44 171 708 2508; e-mail: publications@scflondon.ccmail.compuserv.com
United Nations Publications
Mandates for Action is a key document of the United Nations ESCAP initiative, Asian and Pacific Decade of Disabled Persons, 1993-2002. Rehabilitation services are included as one of twelve major target areas for action during the decade, with specific targets set for achievement on a year by year basis. Requirements are explicit and are detailed in another ESCAP document Implementation of the Agenda for Action for the Asian and Pacific Decade of Disabled Persons: Targets by Area. Address: Project Expert on Disability, UN ESCAP, Social Development Division, UN Building, Rajdammern Avenue, Bangkok 10200, Thailand. Fax: 662-288 1030 e-mail: takamine.unescap@un.org
OMAR in Rehabilitation: A Guide on Operations Monitoring and Analysis of Results. Written by Ture Jonsson and published by the UNDP Inter-regional Programme for Disabled People, this Guide is a serious attempt to address the need for a comprehensive, simple, user-friendly monitoring and evaluation instrument, universally applicable, assessing program progress and change in relation to relevance, effectiveness, efficiency, sustainability and impact. In Part 1 the Guide provides a case study to illustrate the application of the procedures. In Part 2 model forms are provided which constitute the substance of any CBR program data collection and record keeping system. These include modified forms adapted from Training in the Community for People with Disabilities (WHO 1989), covering individual assessment and progress, as well as additional information on the overall aspects of a program which are of essential interest to policy and decision makers, persons in charge at the national, regional and local level, to rehabilitation committees, NGOs and donor agencies. A software diskette which contains the entire second set of forms is included. The Guide will serve as a resource book in staff training, as well as a handbook for use in programme implementation. Address: United Nations Development Program, 304 East 45th Street, Room FF92, New York, NY 10017, USA. Fax: 1 212 906 6350/6336.
Prejudice and Dignity, An Introduction to Community-Based Rehabilitation is a 1992 book by E. Helander, then consultant for the International Programme for Disabled People, United Nations Development Programme. The author introduces the concepts and practices of CBR and advocates for fundamental changes in rehabilitation systems to make them sustainable from national resources. He maintains that governments should take responsibility for providing CBR systems. Available from United Nations Development Programme, 304 E. 45th St., Rm. FF982, New York, NY 10017, USA. Fax: 1 212 906 6336; website: http://www.undp.org/hiv
Sharing Opportunities, A Guide to Disabled People's Participation in Sustainable Human Development is a publication by E. Helander, focusing on the need for participation and leadership of people with disabilities in community initiatives in order to achieve sustainable human development. Address: UNDP, Interregional Programme for Disabled People, Palais des Nations, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. Fax: 41 22 979 9001.
Training the Disabled in the Community, Version 2, is a series of manuals for use by grass-roots organizations wishing to implement CBR in their communities by E. Helander, P. Mendis, G. Nelson.. Address: WHO, Rehabilitation Unit, Avenue Appia, CH 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. Fax: 41 22 791 0746. Understanding Community-Based Rehabilitation is the formal document of the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific - Document Number-ST/ESCAP/1761. The statement does not attempt further definition of the term CBR, but rather clarification and component description. It emphasizes the multi-sectoral nature of CBR as a community development program with seven components, requiring the collaboration and cooperation of seven relevant sectors. Address: UN ESCAP, Social Development Division, UN Building, Rajdammern Avenue, Bangkok 10200, Thailand. Fax: 662 288 1030 e-mail: takamine.unescap@un.org
The following publications are available from either the ILO, WHO or UNESCO. The addresses are: ILO (see below) / WHO, Rehab Unit, Avenue Appia, CH 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland. Fax: 41 22 791 0746 / UNESCO, Place de Fontenoy, Paris 75700 France. Fax: 33 1 45 67 16 90
"Community-Based Rehabilitation for and with People with Disabilities: a joint position paper" published in 1994 jointly by the ILO/UNESCO/WHO. Available from either of the three organizations in English, French, Spanish and Arabic. No cost.
Multisectoral Collaboration for the Equalization of Opportunities for People with Disabilities, published 1996. No cost.
The following are publications related to CBR available from the International Labour Organization (ILO). The address is: ILO Publications, Vocational Rehabilitation Branch, ILO, CH 1211, Geneva 22 Switzerland. Fax: 41 22 798 8685
Challenging Disability: a guide for frontline social workers in Africa by Helen Jackson, 1993, Set of 11 modules. Price 50 SFR, 25 SFR for organizations in developing countries.
Guide for Community-Based Vocational Rehabilitation of Disabled People: the case of the Philippines, 1994. No cost.
How to Start a Small Business: a manual for community workers assisting persons with disability by Lena Karlsson, 1992 (also available in Portuguese). Price: 50 SFR, 25 SFR in developing countries.
Training for Integration and Participation: a manual for conducting a sensitization course on integration and disability, 1992, set of 17 booklets (also available in French) Price: 50 SFR, 25 SFR for organizations in developing countries.
Listen to the People: a guide for planners of disability programmes, 1994. No cost
Working Together with the Media: a practical guide for people with disabilities by Barbara Kolucki and Barbara Duncan, 1994. No cost. Also available from: Rehabilitation International, 25 E. 21 Street, New York, N.Y. 10010 USA. Fax: 1 212 505 0871.
C. Video Training Packages
3 D Projects in Jamaica, under the direction of Dr. Molly Thornburn, has produced a series of training manuals and videos. The topics include: Parent Training, The Work Experience Project, Income Generating Projects, Stroke Rehabilitation for Community Workers, Teacher Orientation to early Childhood Disability , Conducting Disability Surveys, Early Detection and Intervention in Childhood Disability, Assessment of Children with Disabilities, Orientation on Disability, Child Rearing Skills, Parent-to-Parent Counseling and Drama in Community Education. Address: 3D Projects, 14 Monk Street, Spanish Town, St. Catherine, JAMAICA. Fax: 1 809 984 7808.
Video courses: A New Concept in Training Courses for Disability Services in Africa is an eight part package that was videotaped in eight African locations and is designed to provide training opportunities to people with disabilities, their families, community workers and rehabilitation personnel. They were developed by Roy McConkey, Sarah Holloway and Liz Lee with partners in each of the African countries. It illustrates the development of children with physical and mental disabilities and how parents and communities members can support their growth and development. A Tutor's Guide accompanies the videos, together with developmental checklists and activity suggestions. A video programme is also available on Moving On: Preparing African Teenagers with a Disability for Living in the Community. Address: Penny Mharapara, Training Programme Co-ordinator, P.O. Box 1198, Avondale, Harare, Zimbabwe.
Preparing Teachers for Inclusive Education is a video-based training package for use in teacher training courses. It is based on the SCF-UK's projects in Lesotho where they have attempted to integrate children with disabilities into local schools. It includes 13 video programmes along with guides. Part 1 deals with inclusive education, attitudes toward disability, and screening for disability. Part 2 is about good classroom practices for children with specific disabilities and Part 3 is about adapting the curriculum. Part 4 includes classroom practice, changing behavior and teaching strategies. The series was developed by Lineo Phacaka, Lillian Mariga and Roy McConkey. Address: Lineo Phacaka, Special Education Unit, Ministry of Education, P.O. Box 47, Constitution Road, Maseru, Lesotho.
Hopeful Steps: Guyana Community-Based Rehabilitation Programme is a video training series which includes:
Hopeful Steps -- six programmes examining learning to move, talk, think and be independent.
Community Action on Disability -- eight programmes including parent/community involvement, working with teachers, community networks and motivating volunteers.
Identification of Disabilities -- one video for Primary Health and CBR workers.
Facts for Life -- one video analyzing the major challenges in developing healthy lives.
A New Tomorrow -- a series of eight programmes that examine the development of native Amerindian peoples of Guyana.
Educating Communities about Disability presents a series of short puppet shows on attitudes toward disability.
When There is No Nursery School -- seven programmes offering ideas to parents and teachers for stimulating the growth and development of the preschool child.
Introducing Children with Disabilities into Mainstream Schools -- eight programmes on enrolling children with disabilities into ordinary schools.
Steps to Reading -- six programmes providing an introduction to reading.
CBR in the Rupununi, Guyana -- one video analyzing CBR with native Amerindian people of Guyana.
Baha'i Community Health Partnership is one video tracing the development of Primary Health Care in Guyana run by the Bahaâi community. Many in the series are accompanied by a manual. Address: for NTSC copies, Dr. Brian O'toole, CBR Programme, EEC, PO Box 10847, Georgetown, Guyana, South America, Fax: 592 2 62615; for PAL copies, Dr. Roy McConkey, St. Aidans, Gattonside, Melrose, Roxburgshire, Scotland, TD6 9NN, UK, Fax: 44 89 682 2159.
A Better Life: for People with Mental Handicap, Living and Learning, Teaching Skills: for use when teaching People who have a Mental Handicap, Community-Based Services, Community-based Education, Disability and Community and Training for Work: Increasing employment opportunities for people with disabilities are all Video courses developed by Dr. Roy McConkey, Alice Bradley and Sarah Holloway with support from the Far Eastern Region Cheshire Homes. They are all appropriate for use in CBR projects and many are available in English, Mandarin, Bahasa Malaysia. Practical manuals accompany many of the series and represent the work in Malaysia, Philippines, Guyana, Sri Lanka and Morocco. Address: Diana E. Khoo, Cheshire Homes Far Eastern Region, 515 Q, Jalan Hashim, 11200 Tanjung Bungah, Penang, Malaysia.
D. Additional Resources
The Institute of Child Health publishes numerous publications updates, fact sheets and material on the topics related to CBR and other aspects of disability. The Institute was the pioneers of the first courses in CBR and have continued to expand their programmes to include a Masters Course in Community Disability Studies, Research Degrees and Attachments as well as provide consultation in both industrialized and low income countries. Most of the coursework now takes place in developing countries. Address: Institute of Child Health and Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, University College London Medical School, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, Fax: 44 171 404 2062; e-mail: cich@ich.ucl.ac.uk
The Enabling Education Network (EENET) is an information-sharing network aimed at supporting the inclusion of marginalized groups in education around the world. It was initiated by Save the Children UK and is in partnership with UK and international NGOs and research institutions. It disseminates information to teachers, disabled people, parents, children, policy-makers and practitioners as well as promoting action research training. It also supports South-South and South-North initiatives. They are currently producing videotapes on Integrated Education. Address: EENET, Centre for Educational Needs, School of Education, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK. Fax: 44 161 275 3548; e-mail: eenet@man.ac.uk
ICACBR Research: One of the biggest changes in the last five plus years in CBR is that there is now a body of research on various aspects of CBR. Much of this is emanating from the International Centre for the Advancement of CBR based at Queen's University in Canada. The ICACBR research programme covers a variety of disability issues from psycho-social attitudes to policy issues. The primary area of research include the role of women in CBR, community organizations, policy studies, skill and knowledge transfer, and psycho-social issues. Collaboration is made with partner organizations in developing countries, particularly those in India, Bangladesh and Indonesia. Address: ICACBR, c/o Dr. Will Boyce, Queens University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6 CANADA. Fax: 1 613 545 6776
Training in Planning and Management of CBR is a course based in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. It is unique in that it concentrates on a comprehensive, cross disability CBR management with full time local staff and a formal management structure. The course runs for 6 weeks and covers much of what is usually introduced in CBR training. However, it concentrates on planning and management issues for the 21st Century. This approach hopes to offer an alternative to the often donor-driven isolated CBR projects that are not sustainable in the long run. Thus far over 100 CBR managers from 28 countries have attended these courses. They are sponsored by Chirstoffel Blind Mission. Address: Dr. Geert Vanneste, CBR Programmes (CBM/UNDP), PO Box 23.310, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Fax: 255 811 321135; e-mail: vanneste@twiga.com
Training Programmes for CBR in Developing Countries is organized by Seva-in-Action of India. It includes a Diploma for teachers, planners and coordinators of CBR, a Diploma in integrated education and CBR and a Certificate Course in CBR. Address: SEVA-in-ACTION, 2487 17th Main, 25th Cross, Banashankari II Stag, Bangalore 560 070, Karnataka, INDIA
CBR Web Page is an effort by Gene Rodgers of the USA to compile and share CBR research and other material. His address is 1941 Gaston Place, Apt. 122, Austin, TX 78723 USA. The Website is : http://www.onr.com/user/geno
Planning and Management of CBR Programs in Developing Countries is a course run by the International Institute for Rehabilitation Management, in cooperation with the UN Development Program. This course was run twice in 1997, and has been used by managers of CBR projects in a variety of Asian countries, including Indonesia, Bhutan, the Phillippines. The course focuses on sustainable planning and management practices, with a strong emphasis on monitoring and evaluation. Address: Course Director, International Institute for Rehabilitation Management, F-45230 Chatillon-Coligny, France. Ph: 33 38925571.
Skills for Working within the Community is Module 3 of a Certificate in Disability Studies offered as a Continuing Education course at the University of the South Pacific, Suva, Fiji. The course covers community education and public awareness, rehabilitation in the community, developing a CBR program, vocational training and advocacy skills, towards equalization of opportunities and community service planning. Address: Laisani Radio, Course Coordinator, Certificate in Disability Studies, Continuing Education, University of the South Pacific, Suva, Fiji. e-mail: RADIO_L@uso.ac.fj
Community Based Rehabilitation Development and Training Centre, Solo, Indonesia runs courses for training trainers who will be involved in implementing CBR programs in their own countries, and has plans in 1998 to run leadership training courses for people with disabilities. Address: Prof. Dr. Soeharso, CBR DTC, Jalan Adisucipto, KM 7, Colomadu, Solo 57176 Indonesia. Fax: 62-271-780976; e-mail: cbr@slo.mega.net
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